Nicaragua’s Crazy Sickness

An indigenous community grapples with a mysterious ailment
Aida Gomez, now thirty-four years old, had also been stricken. In fact, she claimed she still suffered the effects. “I can’t eat, my stomach is extended, and I’m nauseous,” she told me. “At one time,” she explained, “My family had to tie me up or I’d run away and hurt myself.” They didn’t always succeed in restraining her; she pointed out several old wounds on her legs suffered from kicking her house. Obviously fed up with her illness, Aida said that she’d actually been successfully treated by a curandero. “But I couldn’t afford to pay him his 1,000-cordoba fee so the symptoms returned.” Aida also talked about her visions. She described two or three old men who would come to take her away. “What causes your grisi siknis” I asked her. “Only God knows what causes it,” she replied, then added,” We believe someone is causing it.”

This was another recurring theme. Bad things done by bad people invited the bad spirits that caused the illness. The collective wisdom in Krin Krin was that three men who practised black magic had instigated the most recent outbreak. Two of them had been banished, but the third remained in town and, according to Jesús, was stirring up problems once again.

Although Porcela Sandino assured me she’d rid Krin Krin of grisi siknis, the illness seemed to linger. Our hosts claimed that when people visited their community, those causing the problem eased up so the village appeared normal. The villagers hoped that I could help them rid their community of evil spirits. Patricio told me he was convinced Krin Krin needed the assistance of “Parson Taylor” in Honduras. He explained plans to head north across the border in search of him. I had thought that Parson Taylor was a church minister—and he was. But I discovered that to the villagers Parson Taylor was actually parsin tailar, which, when said quickly, becomes fortune teller. According to the Miskitu, the most powerful fortune tellers—the ones who could cure grisi siknis once and for all—were in Honduras.

Almost four hours after we’d arrived in Krin Krin, we’d exhausted our list of questions so our hosts offered us accommodations for the night. They assured us that the small cabin next door to the Catholic church would serve us well. We made our way across the cropped grassy fields, and although a full moon loomed low in the hazy night sky, it cast little light. We entered the church compound through a locked gate and then climbed up a ladder to the entrance of a simple wooden cabin. It was perched on high stilts. Our home for the night had a front veranda and two rooms empty but for some bat guano and the remains of an old engine, which sat in a pool of grease.

After our hosts left, Ana Rosa, Dud, and I moved out onto the veranda for air. I sat on a roughly hewn bench and leaned back against the outer wall of the cabin, while my companions stretched out on the wooden floor. We could only just make out the cross that capped the long, low church next door. We watched the reddish moon climb in the night sky and realized we had neither the energy nor the will to eat a simple dinner.

I leaned forward to retrieve a bottle of water and, as I did, the floor seemed to shift beneath me. I glanced over at Ana Rosa and Dud, but they continued their quiet conversation. I leaned back; the sensation persisted, and I felt shaky and slightly nauseous. I rubbed my eyes and tried resting my forehead on my knees, but this made it worse so I sat up straight. Soon, my head cleared. But as I contemplated spending the night under a full moon in the lee of the Catholic church among the grisi siknis-prone Miskitu of Krin Krin, I couldn’t help wondering if my dizziness had been brought on by the duende spirits—if I too believed, just a little bit.
Nicola Ross lives in Caledon, Ontario. She is working on a book about her time visiting all corners of Nicaragua.

Fiona Smyth is a Toronto-based artist. She is represented by spin Gallery.
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2 comment(s)

AnonymousDecember 11, 2007 21:39 EST

The behavior known as grisi siknis can be explained by looking at the living arrangement where it happens.

Too-small single-rooms living and working situations allow the "special circumstances" for Subliminal Distraction exposure to be created.

SD was discovered when it caused mental breaks for office workers in the 1960's. The cubicle was created to deal with normal features in the physiology of human sight and the mental breaks stopped where they are correctly used.

These events happen around the world and in intensive care facilities in hospitals, ICU Psychosis.

Although designers and engineers solved the problem over forty years ago doctors, psychiatrists, and anthropologists are stumped as to the cause. In the entire history of man on the planet Earth this phenomenon was discovered only once.

No one has had the insight to realize that it's a behavior not the location that determines when the mental events happen. Deep mental investment to the point of slight dissociation while there is repeating detectable movement in peripheral vision is that behavior. Intense exposure in a compact time frame is necessary to cause symptoms.

VisionAndPsychosis.Net is a private psychology project on the Internet to investigate Subliminal Distraction.

Thomas KeoghOctober 05, 2011 19:03 EST

There is an outbreak of krisi siknis/grisi siknis right now in Waspam (Oct 2011).

The previous comment by Anonymous doesn't explain gender and age selectivity of this phenomenon.

The author of this article obviously has little experience with the area and its people (for example, March and April are statistically the driest months of the year; the airplane seats 12 not 10; the word is batu with accent on 1st syllable, not bató), but I liked his honest approach to investigation. Krisi siknis is indeed a culture-bound syndrome unrelated to poverty, but certainly related to pubescent/adolescent sexuality and worldview.
Girls (and boys) who have had krisi siknis report that attacks were preceded by intense fear. Their traditional spiritual belief system provides no defense for this other than treatment through miskitu saika. There is no traditional preventative medicine. Most church going Miskitos are still rooted in their traditions. Yet Miskito girls and boys with a strong belief in the biblical Jesus are not affected. I'm sure Miskito girls grown up in a materialist environment would not be affected either. The only preventative solutions involve changes in belief and worldview.

I believe the phenomenon has been exacerbated in modern times by the institution of school, whereby young girls who formerly became women through rites of passage (a period separation from society at first menstruation followed by reintroduction and forming families) now experience an indefinite period of adolescence as students. They dream of "superación" —entrance into the professional world through education, but they face the statistically overwhelming probability of pregnancy in a sexually promiscuous environment. Girls who become pregnant are not allowed back in secondary schools after their pregnancy, and they get left "behind" in the traditional life. High school girls are under intense pressure. The current rash of outbreaks is a result of cultural destabilization as Miskito people transition in the direction of modern global culture.

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