The Opposite of Apocalypse

Conservationists are restoring a living tortoise fossil to its prehistoric range. Can we recreate nature?
Large bolson tortoise
John Walker

Large bolson tortoise

And yet: can we live with even a tortoise? Put aside dreams of lions in Manitoba and elephants in Texas — a tortoise. From Truth or Consequences, I head south, Chihuahuan Desert all the way, to Torreón, Mexico, where more than a million people live in a dead desert lake bed. I arrive, fingers crossed for luck, hoping to see the bolson tortoise living free and wild.

The next morning is grey. This is good, says Efraín Rodríguez Téllez — a researcher with the Instituto de Ecología who pulls up in a four-by-four crew cab — because it will soften the scorching heat of the day. On the other hand, overcast skies often produce tolvaneras, dust storms common enough to have their own warning signs on the freeway north.

The sky begins to clear almost immediately. By the time we take the turnoff for the Zona del Silencio, onto a dirt road leading to an immense bottomland cradled by distant mesas, there is no patch of shade larger than those cast by the fat seed heads of yucca plants. We get lost, of course. Despite laws to protect the tortoise in what is now the Mapimí Biosphere Reserve, a local rancher has cleared a new road to push his cattle into the playa, and Rodríguez mistakes it for the rough track to the Instituto de Ecología. Everywhere I look, there are cow-pies and hoof ruts, the latter worn shin deep in places. One of the world’s most inhospitable landscapes is still slowly being conquered.

At last we pull up, finding the institute’s buildings and courtyard teeming with Mexican students on a field trip, electric with the strange excitement of the desert. Rodríguez leads me to the back, where two chicken-wire shelters house a handful of bolson tortoises. One of them wandered into town with a large hole in its shell; the flesh underneath has yellowed into a gristly callus. Bored locals sometimes throw rocks at the animals, Rodríguez explains.

Pobrecito,” he says. Poor little guy.

We drive out into the Bolsón de Mapimí, the sandy belly of a desert that was once a spreading, shallow lake. We roll at a tractor’s pace, searching the sparse brush for burrows or, with luck, a tortoise. Rodríguez knows the area, and stops regularly to inspect the telltale craters. In one, the hole is almost sixty centimetres wide, suggesting a tortoise that would comfortably fill a wheelbarrow. Most of the burrows show signs of life, such as droppings, or worn paths to utterly desiccated patches of grass. None reveals its inhabitant. This farthest reach of the bolson is the most desolate place I have ever seen; even the rocks seem to cluster together against loneliness. Still, there is something appealing about the site, a subtle lushness, like the layered horizons of a watercolour. We have at last left the cowshit and poached roads behind, and now the desert is alive with eerie noises and corner-of-the-eye movements. In the distance, somewhere, there is always a fine-bore dust devil turning.

People still eat the tortoises, says Rodríguez. “You ask people in the villages if they eat them, and they say, ‘No, no, no.’ But I was talking to a guy who was a little crazy, and he said, ‘Oh, yeah, I eat lots of them.’ As we say in Mexico, los comen de a madre.” Rough translation: they eat them like they’re going out of style.

“We’ll go a little farther,” says Rodríguez, bashing the truck directly over a creosote bush that is attempting to reclaim the fading track, “and then eat a little lunch in the shade.” He waits for my puzzled look: shade? “No,” he says with a laugh, “there isn’t any.”

But there is a tortoise. It is moving determinedly, the way tortoises do, across a gap between tufts of bush. It’s like a boulder on the landscape, though I later learn it is on the small side for an adult specimen. Rodríguez kills the engine. We step out of the truck, and I realize we are stalking the wild animal silently, like hunters. At a certain point, the tortoise suddenly snaps tight. It is unbelievably closed, vanished into itself with only its armoured forelegs exposed, and those completely hide its head. The tortoise is a fortress; it is also a jewelled box. With Rodríguez’s encouragement, I pick up the animal, bending to lift with my legs. Its weight reminds me precisely of an infant’s. Warmed by the sun, the tortoise contains the same powerful sensation of life within.

There’s not much else to witness: a tortoise is not a hunting lion, after all, or a trumpeting elephant. We go back to the truck, open a cooler, begin to make sandwiches. The weather is changing once again. On the southern horizon, a tolvanera is quickly stacking up in the sky, turning the daylight ruddy orange. I glance back to the tortoise, and it is perched again on its front legs, one cosmic eye upon us. The dust storm is sweeping toward us all, casting whirlwinds off its leading edge, dry lightning popping in its heart. In Torreón, they see the approaching tolvanera and say the rain is coming — an earthen rain. And it’s coming.

The tortoise is gone. It has picked its moment and disappeared. I wander out to where it had stood, not twenty paces from the truck, and begin to walk outward in a searcher’s spiral. The tortoise is nowhere. It seems impossible. I check the largest shrubs, the grassy islands. Gone.

Then the storm is on us. We retreat. The tortoise abides.
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5 comment(s)

Jason AddyFebruary 16, 2009 13:16 EST

Reading this article, like reading Sea of Slaughter, makes me cross my fingers and hope that we kill ourselves off completely and as quickly as possible and so start the process again: the rise of a new powerful killer that will most assuredly drive the future Earth to the brink. Its not just us humans that have produced "data" showing that we will populate and consume until there are no resources left but almost every species will do this if left unchecked by a rich web of life, one that includes a feedback for overconsumption. Our only feedback looks like the depletion of the Planets full catalogue of life.

J.B. MacKinnon has written a superb story that gives some hope for the Planets future but perhaps not ours.

Tom F.February 16, 2009 16:08 EST

This line summarized our dilemma for me: “It is crucial for the restoration of this ecosystem that [the] public are able to visualize previous states of their local ecosystems.” Very few of us, as mobile as we are, live out our lives observing and interacting with the same ecosystem — we aren't locals anywhere anymore. So we all suffer from Dr. Pauly's shifting baselines: now our scope is narrowed to the distance of keyboard and monitor, our memories strain back to last week's episode, and our ire is raised only when Facebook changes its layout.

????July 14, 2009 05:25 EST

"Then, about 10,000 years ago, late in the Pleistocene epoch, they disappeared..."

Excuse me, but where did you get these "facts"?..

????July 21, 2009 04:38 EST

Actually Norman Myers is not that good....really....read his latest works.

AnonymousDecember 27, 2011 13:37 EST

Thank-you.
I live at the northern boundary of the Chihuahan Dest ecosystem in the Tularosa Basin. I don\'t know if your turtles migrate this far, a few have shown up in my back yard to hibernate aand the ones around here do migrate, moving some thirty miles per day, by one account. along with rattlesnakes and turantiallas. Their shells and eyes are, yes, cosmic.
The playa must have filled for a while in the monsoon seasons of 2006 and 2008. Hope that revitalized them. But desert climate is demanding of the \"jewel.\"

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